Baltic Finns - Volga-Finnic

mtDNA Haplogroup	H	I	J	K	T	U3	U4	U5	V	W	X	Other	IWX	HV	KU	JT	Genetic diversity
Baltic-Finnic										.
Finland	.278	.063	.044	.051	.051	.000	.025	.139	.089	.076	.000	.127	.152	.367	.215	.139	.970
Estonia	.214	.000	.000	.000	.107	.000	.071	.179	.000	.071	.000	.250	.107	.214	.250	.179	.989
Karelia	.313	.024	.000	.024	.072	.000	.084	.181	.060	.036	.000	.120	.096	.373	.289	.120	.964
Volga-Finnic	.176	.029	.032	.029	.118	.000	.147	.118	.029	.000	.000	.176	.029	.206	.294	.294	.982

Kunda culture

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finnic_peoples

Baltic Finns

Estonia

Karelia

Volga-Finnic

Haplogroup U is a group of people who descend from a woman who lived around 50,000 years ago in the Haplogroup R branch of the Genographic tree. Her descendants gave birth to several subgroups, some of which exhibit specific geographic homelands. For example a subgroup U5 is restricted to Finland and it's populations. This is likely the result of geographical, linguistic and cultural isolation of the Finnish populations that has kept it fairly isolated genetically. Haplogroup U5 that first evolved in Europe is a group of people who descend from a woman who lived around 15,000 years ago. U5 is found also in small frequencies and at much lower diversity in The Near East suggesting back-migration of people from northern Europe to south.

One of the men in a group of Eurasian Clan peoples who was probably born in Siberia within the last 10,000 years gave rise to the LLY22G marker which defines haplogroup N in the Genographic tree. Today his descendants effectively trace a migration of Uralic-speaking peoples during the last several thousands of years like the Sami people, the people of Northern Sweden, Norway, Finland and Russia. The Sami also have U5 lineages in their population indicating that it may have introduced during their migration into these northern territories.

A genetic link between Sami and the Volga-Ural region of Russia has been found, indicative of a more recent contribution of people from the Volga-Ural region to the Sami population as recently as 2700 years ago.

Finno Lappic

* Sami

Baltic Finns

Estonians are a Finnic people closely related to the Finns and inhabiting, primarily, the country of Estonia.

The Karelians is a name used to denote two related, yet different ethnic groups of Finnic-language speakers. The so called "Russian Karelians" inhabit the Russian Republic of Karelia. The "Finnish Karelians" live in eastern Finland. During the Second World War many Finnish Karelians were forced to leave the Karelian provinces that Finland had to cede to the Soviet Union. They and their descendants are now integrated in the population of present-day Finland.

The Russian Karelians and Finnish Karelians had common ancestors during the Viking Age. However, since the 13th century, they have had different histories, cultures, religions, identities and even languages. They should not to be thought as members of the same ethnic group, although the Karelian dialect of the Finnish language and the Karelian language spoken by the Russian Karelians are closely related.

The Karelians were one of many Finnic-speaking tribes whose linguistical ancestors are believed to have been living in Finland and Karelia since the Stone Age. Gradually these groups were identified for instance as Veps, Ingrians, Karelians, and Tavastians. During the Viking Age, the Karelians living around the Ladoga Lake came into contact with Western Finns and Vikings.

Sami genetic history has been of great interest because of their large genetic distance to other European populations including their closest neighbours. There is considerable genetic variation between the different Sami groups but they all share a common ancestry. The genetic data shows that the Sami have no close relatives in any population including their closest linguistic relatives but are in general more closely related to Europeans than people of other continents. The closest of the distant relatives are Finnish people, but this is probably due to more recent immigration of Finnish people into the Sami areas, and the assimilation of the Sami population into the mainstream population in today's Finland.

Norway recognizes the Sámi as indigenous people and must therefore respect international laws with regards to the protection and rights of the Sámi people.